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Marcus Jastrow
Marcus Jastrow (June 5, 1829, Rogoźno – October 13, 1903) was a Polish-born American Talmudic scholar, most famously known for his authorship of the popular and comprehensive ''A Dictionary of the Targumim, Talmud Babli, Talmud Yerushalmi and Midrashic Literature''. He was also a progressive, early reformist rabbi in America.
Jastrow was born in Rogasen in the Grand Duchy of Posen. After receiving rabbinical ordination, Ph.D., and ''Doctorate of Letters'' (D.Litt), he became the rabbi of the then Orthodox Congregation Rodeph Shalom in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania in 1866, at the age of thirty-seven. In 1886, he began publishing his magnum opus, ''A Dictionary of the Targumim, Talmud Babli, Talmud Yerushalmi and Midrashic Literature'', in pamphlet form. It was finally completed and published in two-volume form in 1903, and has since become a popular resource for students of Talmud. In the preface to this work, Jastrow sharply criticized those linguistic and etymological scholars who claimed that obscure terms in Talmudic literature are primarily derived from Greek. Jastrow held that Greek influence on Talmudic Aramaic was minimal, and that most obscure terms could be much more simply traced to Hebrew origins. Jastrow was also responsible for most Talmud-related articles in the ''Jewish Encyclopedia''.
He was the father of Joseph Jastrow and Morris Jastrow, Jr.
==Biography==
American rabbi and scholar Marcus Jastrow was the fifth child of Abraham Jastrow and Yetta (Henrietta) Rolle. Until 1840 he was privately educated. In 1844 he entered the third-year class of the Friedrich Wilhelm Gymnasium at Posen, graduating in 1852. From there he went to Halle, where he was graduated in 1855, receiving the degree of doctor of philosophy. In the meantime he continued his Jewish studies and in 1853, at the age of 24, he received his rabbinical ordination from Rabbi Moses Feilchenfeld in Rogasen and later, in 1857, from Rabbi Wolf Landau in Dresden. Jastrow taught briefly at Orthodox Jewish schools in Berlin, first at a school by Dr. David Rosen then at Michael Sachs' school.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.jewishencyclopedia.com/articles/8532-jastrow-marcus-mordecai )〕
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